Communication
Wireless communication
Most wireless communications use radio waves (radio frequency) to establish communication. They have the advantages of being easier to deploy on a large scale, enabling greater mobility, and being easier to access at remote locations. Some examples are detailed below.
Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE)
The vast majority of smartphones, tablets and computers are BLE compliant allowing easy access to this type of communication by the user. Due to its low consumption and easy implementation, it is used in the most diverse areas, mainly in personal electronic devices (earphones, speakers, smart watches, health monitoring devices, among others).
Wi-Fi
The fact that this type of communication connects to the internet, allows its operation anywhere in the world. It also has a very low implementation cost.
Proprietary Sub-1GHz, Sigfox, LoRa
These options are low-power, low-cost and their range that can reach more than 10 km.
Mobile Network
3G/4GMobile network is used for communication by mobile phones, smartphones, tablets, among others. Over the years new generations have emerged, each time faster, with less latency and with greater capacity for sending data. The most frequently used are 3G and 4G. The latter, in addition to allowing the transmission of voice and text, also allow the transmission of multimedia and access to the internet.
5G5G represents the future generation of mobile telecommunication. It has been studied and tested to replace 4G in the coming years. Its main objectives are high data transmission rates, reduced latency, energy savings, lower costs and greater capacity for large-scale device connectivity.
NB-IoTThe NB-IoT (Narrow Band Internet of Things) is an LPWA (Low Power Wide Area) connectivity technology which is a wireless communication network that allows communications over long distances between several points (e.g. sensors) that want to connect with each other . It mainly focuses on low cost solutions, long battery life and high connection density. It uses a subset of the LTE (4G) standard limiting bandwidth to a single narrow band of 200kHz.
NFC
Communication between two devices in a safe and automatic way, if they get close enough (up to 20 cm). It can be applied for data transfer, electronic payments, among others.
RFID
Identification through radio waves up to 4.5 meters away. An RFID tag can be placed on various objects, devices or beings, in order to facilitate their identification. It also allows the storage of small amounts of data. It can be used for item security, management and process control and even allows you to locate the device in space.
Bus communication
CANopen, ModBus, FieldBus, RS485, among others
They are more robust than any type of wireless communication due to their low susceptibility to interference. They communicate in real time and are also low power and safe.
